The right of publicity is a legal
concept in the United States that deals primarily with protecting
celebrities from the commercial exploitation of their name or
likeness. As a doctrine it touches both on intellectual property and
the First Amendment, and often overlaps with trademark law, since if
someone is famous enough their name often becomes a sort of brand.
The President certainly falls into this category, particularly with
so many eyes all over the world focused on the White House – so is
it legal for his likeness to be used in an advertisement without his
permission?
The ad in question was nearly as big as
you can get – a billboard in Times Square . It featured a
photograph of President Obama wearing a Weatherproof Garment Company
coat, standing in front of the wall of China, and featured the
tagline "A Leader in Style." Though the company legally
licensed the photograph from the Associated Press, they did not
receive any permission from the White House, and in fact, several
news publications, including The New York Times, refused to
run the ad.
Upon receiving word of the President's
displeasure from White House lawyers, Weatherproof has agreed to take
down the billboard , having no desire to "alienate the White
House." However, it is unclear as to whether, legally, they were
definitely in the wrong. Part of the question may be whether the
advertisement implies an endorsement. The company maintains that it
does not; they were merely showing that the President was wearing
their coat, which is undisputed, not that he was endorsing it in any
way.
Interestingly, this is not the only
such case in recent days. Michelle Obama found herself in an ad as
well – on a poster for PETA proclaiming her as "fur-free
and fabulous!" The White House has asked for those ads to be
taken down as well.
Some think that publicity rights are a
threat to free speech, and others that they are necessary to keep
those in the public eye from being exploited. Is there a point when
you give up some of these rights as a necessary evil of celebrity –
and if so, does the same apply to the President? In any case,
Weatherproof may have gotten what they desired in terms of publicity
– though they may have lost a customer in the Obamas.